Abstract: Space modular robot is a brand new product that integrates the advantages of robots’technology, artificial intelligence and space technology. It has shown its potential application values in such fields as space structure assembly, etc. Self-reconfiguration mechanism and related algorithms are the key contents for the theoretical study of modular robot and engineering applications. According to a new classification and sorting out, the implementation methods for all kinds of current self-reconfiguration for these robots and the algorithm characteristics are systematically summarized. The assessment and development suggestions are provided for the future further development of modular robot technology and its application modes in the complex command and control mission of space.